In 2013, S. Leistedt and P. Linkowski published a study presenting portraits of psychopaths. For the study, Belgian psychiatrists selected 400 films published between 1915 (The Birth of a Nation) and 2010 (The Lovely Bones) that portrayed psychopathic villains. They cited Gekko (Wall Street, 1987) as a realistic portrait of a successful "corporate psychopath."